Pohutukawa trees (Metrosideros excelsa) are one of the most iconic trees in New Zealand, known for their stunning red blooms that adorn the coastlines during the summer months. But beyond their beauty, these trees hold a deep symbolic meaning in New Zealand culture, especially for the indigenous Maori people.
In this blog post, we will explore the symbolic significance of Pohutukawa trees and their importance in Maori mythology.
The Pohutukawa Tree and Maori Mythology
- In Maori mythology, the Pohutukawa tree is often referred to as the “tree of life” or “tree of the gods”.
- According to legend, Tawhaki, a Maori
hero, climbed the Pohutukawa tree to reach the heavens and obtain the three baskets of knowledge. - The Pohutukawa tree is also associated with Hinemoa, a legendary Maori princess who swam across Lake Rotorua to be with her lover Tutanekai, who lived by a Pohutukawa tree.
The Significance of Pohutukawa Trees in New Zealand Culture
- The Pohutukawa tree is often called the “New Zealand Christmas tree” because of its bright red blooms that appear during the holiday season.
- The tree is a symbol of summer, sunshine, and happiness, and is often depicted in artwork and poetry.
- Pohutukawa trees are also significant as landmarks, often used as a navigational tool by sailors along the coastlines.
Conservation Efforts and Challenges
- Pohutukawa trees are considered sacred by Maori people and are protected by law in New Zealand.
- However, urbanization and coastal development have led to the destruction of many Pohutukawa trees.
- Conservation efforts are underway to protect and restore Pohutukawa tree populations, including planting programs and habitat restoration projects.
Pohutukawa Tree in Maori Mythology
Here’s a table with Pohutukawa tree summarizing facts and characteristics that relate to Maori mythology:
| Characteristic | Maori Mythological Significance |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Metrosideros excelsa |
| Common Name | Pohutukawa or New Zealand Christmas Tree |
| Mythological Name | Pohutukawa is often associated with the star constellation Matariki, which holds special significance in Maori mythology. |
| Cultural Importance | – Matariki, also known as the Pleiades, appears in Maori mythology as a group of seven sisters, often considered as stars that signal the Maori New Year. The Pohutukawa is linked to Matariki, as its blooming coincides with this event. – The tree is seen as a symbol of strength and endurance in the face of adversity, much like the Maori people. |
| Floral Significance | The brilliant red flowers of the Pohutukawa symbolize the blood of a famous Maori ancestor, Tawhaki, who attempted to find heaven. The tree’s red blossoms are sometimes referred to as “Tawhaki’s Blood.” |
| Cultural Celebrations | Matariki, a significant cultural celebration, coincides with the flowering of the Pohutukawa tree. During this time, Maori people gather to mark the New Year and pay homage to their ancestors. |
| Protection and Guardianship | In Maori culture, Pohutukawa trees are regarded as guardians. They are often planted near marae (Maori meeting places) to provide shade and protection to those gathered. |
| Mythological Stories | There are several Maori legends that reference the Pohutukawa tree and its connection to celestial events. These stories are passed down through generations to reinforce cultural identity. |
| Environmental Stewardship | The Maori people have a strong tradition of environmental stewardship and sustainable practices. The Pohutukawa tree and its role in mythology underscore the importance of nature in Maori culture. |
The Pohutukawa tree holds a special place in Maori culture and mythology, symbolizing the Maori New Year, strength, and ancestral ties. Its vibrant red blossoms and its connection to celestial events make it a revered and culturally significant tree in New Zealand.
Final thoughts
The Pohutukawa tree is a vital part of New Zealand culture and mythology, representing strength, resilience, and the connection between people and nature. By understanding the symbolic meaning of these trees, we can appreciate their beauty and work to protect them for future generations to enjoy.
Pohutukawa trees are primarily valued for their ornamental and ecological significance rather than commercial use. While they don’t have significant commercial applications, they are highly regarded for their cultural and environmental importance, often being celebrated in art, literature, and as a symbol of the New Zealand summer.
Want to learn more about the pohutukawa including popular uses? Check out this article called What is the Pohutukawa Tree?
Also check out the related article Knock on Wood: Exploring the Superstitions and Folklore Surrounding Wooden Objects to learn more about wood’s mythical qualities over the ages.